Modern technologies of thermal insulation of the house: materials and methods

The cost of heating a cottage directly depends on the correct calculation of the thermal resistance of the enclosing structures. The displacement of the dew point inside the load-bearing wall leads to condensation, freezing of corners and destruction of brickwork by ice.
The task of insulation is to create a continuous thermal circuit without cold bridges around the building. The use of highly porous materials with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity keeps the heated air inside the rooms, blocking street frost.
The choice of insulation according to the coefficient of thermal conductivity
Extruded polystyrene foam has a closed-cell structure that does not absorb moisture at all. It is ideally suited for insulation of sunken foundations and plinths, but is not used on wooden facades due to its zero vapor permeability.
Stone wool acts as a breathable material capable of removing water vapor from the wall thickness. Basalt slabs do not burn and do not support the spread of flame, which makes them the standard for thermal insulation of roofs and frame buildings.
Polyurethane foam is applied by spraying through a compressor, expanding in volume in a few seconds. Foam penetrates into hard-to-reach cracks and joints, forming a monolithic shell around pipes or complex geometry of mansard roofs.
Technology for creating a ventilated facade
The hinged facade removes moisture from the insulation with the help of updrafts. A ventilation gap of 30 to 50 mm wide is left between the basalt wool layer and the finishing lining (siding or granite).
The pie of the ventilated facade is assembled on an aluminum or wooden subsystem:
- the supporting brackets are attached to the wall through thermosetting paronite gaskets;
- plates of mineral wool are fixed with plastic dowels-mushrooms;
- the insulation is covered with a windproof membrane to prevent the fibers from blowing out;
- facing panels are mounted on guide profiles.
The "wet facade" system involves gluing foam or rigid mineral wool directly to the wall, followed by plastering. The insulation is reinforced with fiberglass mesh and covered with decorative plaster, which protects the pie from slanting rains.
Thermal insulation of the basement and roofing system
Heat loss through a cold attic or an unheated roof reaches thirty percent of the total volume of the building. The insulation of pitched roofs requires laying basalt slabs with a thickness of 200 to 250 mm between wooden rafters.
From the inside of the attic, the insulation is tightly sealed with a vapor barrier film:
- the overlaps of the canvases are glued with butyl rubber tape for complete tightness;
- pipe penetrations and ventilation are treated with specialized cuffs;
- staples of a construction stapler are sealed with pieces of foil tape.
The ground floor is in contact with the frozen ground, requiring pasting with slabs of extruded polystyrene foam. The plates are joined in a lock to prevent the seams from blowing through, and the underground part is additionally waterproofing with bitumen mastic before backfilling. Rainbet Casino